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Java

Java Operators and Control Flow Statements

33
August 1, 2024

Operators

Operators are special symbols used to perform  operations on variables and values. Java supports  several types of operators, which can be broadly  classified into the following categories:

Types of operators java

  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Unary Operators
  • Assignment Operators
  • Relational Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Bitwise Operators
  • Ternary Operator
  • Instanceof Operator

1. Arithmetic Operator

These operators are used to perform basic arithmetic  operations.

  • + : Addition
  • – : Subtraction
  • * : Multiplication
  • / : Division
  • % : Modulus (remainder)

Program

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public class DemoArithmeticOperator
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
  int a = 10;
  int b = 5;
  System.out.println("a+b = "+ (a+b));//15
  System.out.println("a-b = "+ (a-b));//5
  System.out.println("a*b = "+ (a*b));//50
  System.out.println("a/b = "+ (a/b));//2
  System.out.println("a%b = "+ (a%b));//0
  }
}

Output :-

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a+b = 15
a-b = 5
a*b = 50
a/b = 2
a%b = 0

2. Unary Operator

These operators perform  operations on a single operand.

  • + : Unary plus (Indicates  positive value)
  • – : Unary minus (Negates an  expression)
  • ++ : Increment
  • — : Decrement
  • ! : Logical complement  (Inverts the value of a  boolean)

Program

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public class UnaryOperators
 {
   public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    int a = 10;
     int b = -a; // b is -10
     a++; // a is now 11
       b--; // b is now -11
     boolean c = true;
        System.out.println(!c); // false
  }
}

Output :-

1
false

3. Assignment Operators

These operators are used to  assign values to variables.

  • = : Simple assignment
  • += : Add and assign
  • -= : Subtract and assign
  • *= : Multiply and assign
  • /= : Divide and assign
  • %= : Modulus and assign

program

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public class AssignmentOperators {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a = 10;
        a += 5; // a is now 15
        a -= 2; // a is now 13
        a *= 3; // a is now 39
        a /= 3; // a is now 13
        a %= 4; // a is now 1
        System.out.println(a);
    }
}

Output :-

1
1

4. Relation Operators

These operators are used to  compare two values.

  • == : Equal to
  • != : Not equal to
  • > : Greater than
  • < : Less than
  • >= : Greater than or equal to
  • <= : Less than or equal to

program

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public class RelationalOperator {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 5;
        System.out.println(a == b); // false
        System.out.println(a != b); // true
        System.out.println(a > b); // true
        System.out.println(a < b); // false
        System.out.println(a >= b); // true
        System.out.println(a <= b); // false
    }
}

Output :-

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false
true
true
false
true
false

5. Logical Operators

These operators are used to  combine multiple boolean  expressions.

  • && : Logical AND
  • || : Logical OR
  • ! : Logical NOT

program

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package com.operator;
public class LogicalOperator
{
 
public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    boolean a = true;
    boolean b = false;
    System.out.println(a && b); // false
    System.out.println(a || b); // true
    System.out.println(!a); // false
    }
}

Output :-

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false
true
false

6. Bitwise Operators

These operators are used to  perform bit-level operations.

  • & : Bitwise AND
  • | : Bitwise OR
  • ^ : Bitwise XOR
  • ~ : Bitwise Complement
  • << : Left shift
  • >> : Right shift
  • >>> : Unsigned right shift

program

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public class BitwiseOperator
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    int a=5,b=7;
    System.out.println("AND " + (a & b));
    System.out.println("OR " + (a | b));
    System.out.println("XOR " + (a ^ b));
    System.out.println("Complement " + (~a));
    }
}

Let’s :-Table int a=5(0101)       b=(0111)

Output :-

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4
AND 5
OR 7
XOR 2
Complement -6

7. Ternary Operators

This is a shorthand for if-else  statements. It is also known  as the conditional operator.

  • ? : : Ternary operator

program

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public class TernaryOperator {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 5;
        int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
        System.out.println("Max value: " + max); // 10
    }
}

Output :-

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Max value: 10

8. Instanceof Operators

This operator is used to test whether an object is an instance of a specific class or subclass.

program

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public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        String str = "Hello";
        boolean result = str instanceof String;
        System.out.println(result); // true
    }
}

Output :-

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true

Control Flow Statements

These statements control the execution flow of a  program, allowing for decision making, looping, and  branching.

 DECISION-MAKING STATEMENTS

 These statements allow the program to make  decisions based on certain conditions.

  • IF STATEMENT
  • IF-ELSE STATEMENT
  • IF-ELSE-IF LADDER 
  • SWITCH STATEMENT

1. If Statement

Executes a block of code if a specified  condition is true.

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Syntax if Statement :-
if (condition) {
    // code to be executed if condition is true
}

program

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public class If_statements
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int a = 10;
    if (a > 5) {
        System.out.println("a is greater than 5");
}
}
}

Output :-

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a is greater than 5

2. If-Else Statement

Executes one block of code if a condition  is true, and another block if it is false.

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Syntax if else Statement :-
if (condition)
{
    // code to be executed if condition is true
else
   // code to be executed if condition is true
}

program

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public class If_Else_statements
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a = 10;
        if (a > 20) {
            System.out.println("a is greater than 20");
        } else {
            System.out.println("a is not greater than 20");
        }
    }
}

Output :-

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a is not greater than 20

3. if-else-if Ladder

Allows for multiple conditions to be  checked sequentially.

program

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public class If_else_If_Ladder
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int a = 10;
    if (a > 10) {
        System.out.println("a is greater than 10");
    } else if (a == 10) {
        System.out.println("a is equal to 10");
    } else {
        System.out.println("a is less than 10");
    }
}
}

Output :-

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a is equal to 10

4. Switch Statements

Allows for a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values.

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Syntax:-
switch (expression)
{
    case value1:
        // code to be executed if expression == value1
        break;
    case value2:
        // code to be executed if expression == value2
        break;
    // you can have any number of case statements
    default:
        // code to be executed if expression doesn't match any case
}

program

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public class Switch_Statements {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int day = 3;
        switch (day) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println("Monday");
                break;
            case 2:
                System.out.println("Tuesday");
                break;
            case 3:
                System.out.println("Wednesday");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("Other day");
                break;
        }
    }
}

Output :-

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Wednesday
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trtrt
rtrtrtrt

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